Tokenization & Tokenomics
By MUMBCC Research Team
A token is a digital asset created on a blockchain. It represents value, ownership, or access rights.
1.What Is a Token?
A token is a digital asset created on a blockchain
It represents value, ownership, or access rights
Tokens can serve many functions (payment, voting, access, etc.)
They are usually created using smart contracts on platforms like Ethereum
Tokens do not have their own blockchain
Source:
https://www.bitdegree.org/crypto/tutorials/crypto-token
https://www.coinbase.com/learn/crypto-basics/what-is-a-token
2.Coin vs Token
Coin
Has its own blockchain
Used mainly as digital money
Example: Bitcoin
Token
Built on an existing blockchain
Can represent assets, utilities, or rights
Example: tokens built on Ethereum
Source: https://www.investopedia.com/tech/crypto-primer-currencies-commodities-tokens/
3.Fungible vs Non-Fungible Tokens
Fungible Tokens
Interchangeable (same value)
Can be exchanged 1:1
Example: Bitcoin
Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs)
Unique and not interchangeable
Represent ownership of specific assets
Each has a unique identifier
Source:
https://www.techtarget.com/whatis/definition/nonfungible-token-NFT
https://coinmarketcap.com/academy/glossary/non-fungible-token
4.What Is Tokenization?
Utility Tokens
Provide access to products or services
Used within a platform
Security Tokens
Represent ownership or investment (like shares)
May give profit rights
Governance Tokens
Give voting rights in a project
Used in decentralized systems
Source:
https://coinmarketcap.com/academy/article/a-deep-dive-into-tokenization
https://www.coingecko.com/learn/governance-vs-utility-tokens
5.Real-World Tokenization Examples
Asset / Industry
How It Is Tokenized
Real Example / Evidence
Why It Matters
Real Estate
Property is divided into digital tokens for fractional ownership
Deloitte says tokenized real estate is a major growth area
Makes property investment more accessible
Gold
Physical gold is linked to digital tokens
HSBC Gold Token gives fractional ownership of physical gold
Makes gold easier to buy and hold
Funds / Securities
Fund shares can be issued as tokens on blockchain
Franklin Templeton launched a fully tokenized UCITS fund
Shows tokenization is used in finance
Tickets / Fan Access
Tickets or access rights are linked to digital tokens
Ticketmaster launched token-gated sales
Helps verify access and give special benefits
https://www.hsbc.com/who-we-are/hsbc-and-digital/hsbc-and-digital-assets-and-currencies
https://business.ticketmaster.com/nft-token-gated-sales/
6. What Is Tokenomics?
Tokenomics is a combination of the words token and economics
It refers to the overall economics of a crypto token
It explains a token’s supply, utility, and distribution
It also includes things like maximum supply, transaction fees, minting, burning, and incentives for token holders
Tokenomics is important because it helps determine a token’s value, growth, and long-term sustainability
https://www.coingecko.com/learn/what-is-tokenomics-understanding-crypto-fundamentals
7.Token Utility
Token utility explains how a token is used inside its ecosystem, such as:
paying gas fees (ETH)
accessing services
governance voting
staking rewards
Strong utility increases demand and long-term sustainability.
Source:
https://tokenomics-learning.com/en/utility-tokens/
8.Real Example of Tokenomics
Example: Uniswap (UNI)
Uniswap is a decentralized exchange on Ethereum. Its UNI token shows how tokenomics supports a blockchain system by rewarding users and enabling governance.
Total Supply
1 billion UNI tokens were created at launch
Distribution
60% allocated to the community, 40% to team, investors, and advisors
Utility
Used for governance voting on protocol decisions
Incentives
Rewards for users and liquidity providers
Vesting
Tokens for team and investors are released gradually over time
Source: https://blog.uniswap.org/uni
9.Future of Tokenization — Real-World Asset (RWA) TrendZ
Current Trend
RWA tokenization is moving from experimental use to real financial applications
Increasing involvement from financial institutions (e.g., banks, asset managers)
Market value has reached billions of dollars globally
Growth Outlook
Tokenized assets are projected to reach around $2 trillion by 2030, reflecting strong growth potential
Expansion of use cases across financial markets, including bonds, real estate, and funds